La troisième partie lento du célèbre poème symphonique d'Ottorino Respighi "Pini di Roma" composé en 1924, est intitulée "I pini del Gianicolo", évoquant l'ambiance de la nuit sous ce qui est considéré comme la huitiéme colline de Rome*, le Janicule, en bordure de la rive droite du Tibre.
Vers la fin de cette partie un solo de clarinette se fait entendre ainsi que le vrai chant d'un merle.
Vers la fin de cette partie un solo de clarinette se fait entendre ainsi que le vrai chant d'un merle.
Pour la première de cette oeuvre le 14 décembre 1924 à Rome au Teatro Augusteo, avec l'Orchestre de l'Académie nationale Sainte-Cécile sous la direction de Bernardino Molinari, ces chants de merle étaient diffusés par des phonographes, ou plus vraisemblablement par des gramophones.
Sans doute une des toutes premières fois ou l'appareil gramophone est introduit dans l'orchestre classique
en tant qu'instrument à part entière, pour un concert public.
De nos jours, ce charme est rompu car le chant du merle est diffusé par bande, sampler, ou autre support audio.
The third lento part of Ottorino Respighi's famous symphonic poem "Pini di Roma" composed in 1924, is entitled "I pini del Gianicolo", evoking the atmosphere of the night under what is considered the Janiculum, the eighth hill of Rome, along the right bank of the Tiber.
Towards the end of this part a clarinet solo is heard as well the true song of a blackbird.
For the premiere of this piece on December 14, 1924 in Rome at the Teatro Augusteo, with the Orchestra of the National Academy Sainte-Cécile under the direction of Bernardino Molinari, these songs of blackbird were broadcast by phonographs, or more likely by gramophones.
No doubt one of the first times the gramophone device is introduced in the classical orchestra
as a full instrument, for a public concert.
Nowadays, this charm is now broken because the song of the blackbird is broadcast by tape, sampler, or other audio support.
De nos jours, ce charme est rompu car le chant du merle est diffusé par bande, sampler, ou autre support audio.
The third lento part of Ottorino Respighi's famous symphonic poem "Pini di Roma" composed in 1924, is entitled "I pini del Gianicolo", evoking the atmosphere of the night under what is considered the Janiculum, the eighth hill of Rome, along the right bank of the Tiber.
Towards the end of this part a clarinet solo is heard as well the true song of a blackbird.
For the premiere of this piece on December 14, 1924 in Rome at the Teatro Augusteo, with the Orchestra of the National Academy Sainte-Cécile under the direction of Bernardino Molinari, these songs of blackbird were broadcast by phonographs, or more likely by gramophones.
No doubt one of the first times the gramophone device is introduced in the classical orchestra
as a full instrument, for a public concert.
Nowadays, this charm is now broken because the song of the blackbird is broadcast by tape, sampler, or other audio support.
D'autres utilisations de ces machines ont lieues à la même période avec notament la composition inachevée de l'opéra du "bad boy" Georges Antheil, "Cyclops",
adaptation du douzième épisode d'Ulysse de James Joyce.
Antheil projettait d'utiliser plusieurs gramophones, ainsi que d'autres appareils mécaniques et électriques sous forme d'installation.
Malheureusement, l'oeuvre ne fut jamais terminée, ni créée.
Other uses of these machines took place at the same time with the unfinished composition of the "bad boy" Georges Antheil’s opera titled "Cyclops", as an adaptation of the twelfth episode of Ulysses by James Joyce.
Antheil planned to use several gramophones, as well as other mechanical and electrical devices as an installation.
Unfortunately, the piece was never finished to be composed and did not happen.
Other uses of these machines took place at the same time with the unfinished composition of the "bad boy" Georges Antheil’s opera titled "Cyclops", as an adaptation of the twelfth episode of Ulysses by James Joyce.
Antheil planned to use several gramophones, as well as other mechanical and electrical devices as an installation.
Unfortunately, the piece was never finished to be composed and did not happen.
Ulysses: autograph manuscript, “Cyclops” episode
Zurich, [Sept. 1919] Collection of the Rosenbach
"I saw thousand of electric lampsstrung in the heavens and illuminated from one switchboard to create God; vast cinemas projected a new dimension in the skies; music machines large enough to vibrate all cities"
Georges Antheil - circa 1923/24
sources: "noise, water, meat: a history of sound in the arts" a book by Douglas Khan
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A noter par la suite "Europera 4" de John Cage, une pièce composée en 1990 pour soprano, mezzo-soprano, piano solo et joueur de Victrola avec 6 disques.
* à noter que le Janicule n'est pas recensé dans les fameuses "7 collines de Rome", car ce territoire ne faisant pas partie des contours de l'ancienne ville.
note that the Janiculum is not listed in the famous "7 hills of Rome" because this territory is not part of the contours of the old city.
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